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Francis of Marchia
Francis of Marchia〔Francis of Ascoli, Francis de Marcia, Francesco d'Appignano.〕 (c. 1290 - after 1344) was an Italian Franciscan theologian and philosopher.〔Pasnau, Robert, and Christina van Dyke. The Cambridge History of Medieval Philosophy. Cambridge, UK; New York: Cambridge University Press, 2010. Print.〕 He was an ally of William of Ockham and Michael of Cesena, and opponent of Pope John XXII, in the struggles of the Franciscan Spirituals, leading to his expulsion from the order in 1329. He was commenting on the ''Sentences'' of Peter Lombard around 1320,〔(Online text ), (online text ).〕 but no longer closely bound to Lombard;〔George Henry Radcliffe Parkinson, Stuart Shanker, Routledge History of Philosophy'' (1999), p. 397.〕 for example he incidentally theorises on projectile motion,〔A. C. Crombie, ''Medieval and Early Modern Science'', II (1959 edition), pp. 59-60.〕 views now thought to be taken from Richard Rufus of Cornwall.〔Jorge J. E. Gracia, Timothy B. Noone (editors), ''A Companion to Philosophy in the Middle Ages'' (2003), p. 580.〕 He was nicknamed ''Doctor Succinctus''.〔Frederick Copleston, ''A History of Philosophy'' III (1999 edition), p. 124.〕〔Also ''Doctor Praefulgens'' or ''Praefulgidus'', ''Doctor Distinctivus'', ''Doctor Illustratus'' (Schneider p. 33 and ()).〕
==Life==
After his initial education Francis of Marchia became an instructor at various places to include a studia.〔Pasnau, Robert, and Christina van Dyke. The Cambridge History of Medieval Philosophy. Cambridge, UK; New York: Cambridge University Press, 2010. Print.〕 His most famous teachings were his commentaries on the ''Sentences'' at the University of Paris. It is likely that Marchia's lectures were transcribed by his students, which he edited resulting in several versions of his commentary in manuscript form.〔Robiglio, Andrea A. "How is Strength of the Will Possible? Concerning Francis of Marchia and the Act of the Will." Vivarium: An International Journal for the Philosophy and Intellectual Life of the Middle Ages and Renaissance 44.1 (2006): 151-83. Print.〕 Before leaving for Avignon around 1324 to teach at a Franciscan convent, Marchia composed several scholarly commentaries, including two on ''Aristotle's Metaphysics'' and one on ''Physics''. The ''Quodlibet'' was written afterwards, between 1324 and 1328.〔Friedman, Russell L., Schabel, Chris. "Introduction." Vivarium: An International Journal for the Philosophy and Intellectual Life of the Middle Ages and Renaissance 44.1 (2006): 1-20. Print.〕 Marchia supported the Franciscan Minister General, Michael of Cesena, and renounced Pope John XXII’s concept of poverty in 1328. Following the renunciation he fled with Michael and William of Ockham to Munich. The ''Improbatio'', a rebuttal to the Pope's Papal bull titled ''Quia vir reprodus'', was written during this time, as well as the ''Allegationes Religiosorum Vivorum'', co-authored by Marchia and Ockham and assembled by Michael.〔Lambertini, Roberto. "Francis of Marchia and William of Ockham: Fragments from a Dialogue." Vivarium: An International Journal for the Philosophy and Intellectual Life of the Middle Ages and Renaissance 44.1 (2006): 184-204. Print.〕 In 1343 Marchia repented and died shortly after.
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